How Context Affects Art - 1074 Words

â€Å"How Context Affects Art† If someone is to understand or analyze something in â€Å"historical context, he or she needs the knowledge about the historical circumstances in which it had influence on the work’s themes, techniques, messages, etc. Without understanding the context of the era, a full understanding of the work will be impossible. A work of art can be analyzed within its historical contexts, such as historical circumstances, and contemporary art developments and trends. Most artists and their art pieces were very much influenced by the contexts they were surrounded by. The influence of the Catholic Reformation had taken place in different time periods and throughout European countries. Among many artists influenced by the Catholic Reformation, Mathias Grà ¼newald and Francisco de Zurbarà ¡n’s works prominently show its influence. They both painted the same subject matter. However, it is traceable that their works of art have different outcomes due to the Reformation and other sub-i nfluences they had. How contexts had affected their works can be evidently comprehended by overviewing what they had gone through. A significant crisis in the Catholic Church led to the Reformation and the establishment of the Protestant Church, which stimulated the Catholic Church to initiate the Counter-Reformation. (Metzer) When the Catholic Reformation began, they had to insist the doctrine and structure the social role of the Catholic Church because of the threat of Protestantism, whichShow MoreRelated Art in Our World Essay1078 Words   |  5 Pages ll art is not only part of society, but is the product of the beliefs and values of the artist and the audience. I believe that the world is divided in the same manner as the human brain. There is the scientific side and the artistic side. Everything in the world can be placed in at least one of the two categories. Furthermore, I believe that neither side is dominant over the other. From this thought, I conclude that society is composed of both science and art, both expressing beliefs and valuesRead MoreThe Relationship Of Education And Social Class1234 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstanding of how education should be implemented is a serious question. Social Class plays a major role in the implementation of education which affects the outcome of the students. Social class affects education in various ways each author brings good information to be able to understand the relationship between the two. Social class may affect the values of education at each school For example GPA and Testing, Class Size, and Programs instituted in various schools can affect one s learningRead MoreDifferent Historical And Cultural Barriers Affect The Way Literature And Other Forms Of Art Are Depicted930 Words   |  4 PagesDifferent historical and cultural barriers affect the way literature and other forms of art are depicted. Maggie Nelson, Azar Nafisi, and Tim O’Brien explore the effect of political and ideological contexts on various forms of art and the way they are created or viewed. In â€Å"Great to Watch,† Nelson criticizes the media for not considering the barrier that exists between those who are educated in understanding art and and those who are not because she finds that the people who are not well informedRead MoreUnderstanding A rt Spiegelmans Maus1204 Words   |  5 PagesWhen beginning to understand Art Spiegelmans 1991 Maus, one must also remember that no literary work exists within or around a vacuous context, and that each piece of literature is ultimately influenced by the social and cultural contexts of both the author and the reader. This graphic novel is no exception. Each of the six sections within the book is framed with bits of the interactions between Vladek and Art during the interview that seemingly occurred to form the book. This framing acts as aRead MoreThe Culture of Ghana1238 Words   |  5 Pagesand social elements, it is set apart from other African cultures. But what should be given importance is its original context, which also sprung from the African importance of culture. According to Steven J. Salm and Toyin Falola (2002), â€Å"Africans regard culture as essential to their lives and future development. Culture embodies their philosophy, worldview, behavior patterns, arts and i nstitutions†¦ The uses and definitions of ‘culture’ vary, reflecting its prestigious association with civilizationRead MoreTaking a Look at the Arab Culture767 Words   |  3 Pagessome of the ways Arabic culture directly affects the way of communication of Arabs. HIGH AND LOW CONTEXT CULTURES Context and meaning are considered to be bound up in a complex way. Difference between the low and high context cultures basically depends upon how much of the meaning could be found in context compared to in code. I tend to be living in country with high-context culture prevalent. The meaning in this case tends to be embedded more within context as compared to the code. People like meRead MoreEssay about Basquiat, Bansky and the Power of Discourse1023 Words   |  5 PagesBasquiat, Banksy and the Power of Discourse Creativity occurs within the context of society: this is unavoidable as even artists who view themselves as outside of the mainstream are constructs of society: their social construction of reality is inevitably grounded in the discourse and belief structures of the society they inhabit and were formed by, however much they choose to struggle. Indeed, philosophers such as Foucault argue that it is impossible to escape ones own society due to the effectsRead MoreUnderstanding The Function Of Folklore1426 Words   |  6 PagesWhen telling a story, context is necessary for understanding. If you tell a story without any background information, it is incomplete. You can say the end of the story in a single sentence, but without the preceding information, the message would not have as much impact. Just as context is important in one story, it is also important in folklore. Folklore is a field with many intricacies and components. To understand the function of folklore, you have to have co ntext. Without details and backgroundRead MoreThe Value Of Art And Art1726 Words   |  7 PagesThe ownership of art in 2017 is typically brought up in discussions regarding works of art with seven to eight-digit price tags, owned by individuals with a net worth that can be described using nine to ten digits. However, popular opinion would probably agree that the person who has the single greatest appreciation for art is the art historian. Popular opinion would also be quick to agree that the art historian does not value a work of art in accordance with the market’s appraisal of a given pieceRead MoreMy Life And Education : Ball State University ( Bsu ) Essay940 Words   |  4 Pagesstarted with my work for BSU’s Prism Project, a weekly performing arts program for children on the autism spectrum. My work with these children and this unique program pushed me to dig deeper into our nation’s focus on the arts. I wanted the national context for arts education, so I applied to and was accepted for an internship with the Changing Education Through the Arts Program at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington D.C. It was at the Kennedy Center where politics and

Case Study Rwanda Genocide Essay - 1563 Words

Case Study: Rwanda The conflict in Rwanda is probably the most well known and documented case of genocide since the holocaust. Through years of discrimination based on ethnic and class based differences, the population of Rwanda has been constantly entrenched in periods of fighting, refuge and genocide. In the following essay we will explore the background of the conflict. Specifically the historical implications, the parties involved the reasons for the fighting and the result of conflict. Next we will try to investigate some of the theories related to the conflict and discuss views of prominent authors who have attempted to define the reasoning behind this most incomprehensible conflict. Historical Background The origin of the†¦show more content†¦The identity cards remained in use into the post-independence era, and unfortunately also provided central assistance to the crazed militias who would later carry out the atrocities on the Rwandan population. After World War II, the trend of decolonization was sweeping Africa and the pacific and it was then that the Tutsis would lead a campaign for independence from the Belgians (Cook, 2006). With the opportunity for independence, Rwandans like in any other country fighting for independence at the time, divided into parties vying for the lead role in government. While the Tutsis historically had privilege to this position, before decolonization occurred the Belgians began switching out Tutsi representatives for Hutus out of fear that a majority Hutu party would come out victorious (Rwanda, 2008). The Belgian suspicion of a Hutu overthrow came to fruition when the Hutus took control of Rwanda in 1959 (Rwanda, 2008). After the overthrow, vengeful Hutu militias murdered about 15,000 Tutsis, and more than 100,000 Tutsis fled to bordering countries, primarily Uganda and Burundi (Cook, 2006). The Tutsis remaining in Rwanda were stripped of their possessions and positions of power under the re gime of Juvà ©nal Habyarimana, who came to power in 1973 (January, 2007). Background Post-Independence/Parties During Habyarimana’s rule as president an estimated oneShow MoreRelatedHumanitarian Intervention Essay1198 Words   |  5 Pagescrime against humanity. (Humanitarian, 2008) Realism explains that humanitarian intervention came about during the genocide in Bosnia but not in Rwanda because even though it might have been the correct moral action to take, intervention in Rwanda was not in the national interest of other states. Also, there was no humanitarian intervention in the Rwanda genocide because the genocide was not explicitly known about. (Hintjens, 1999) On the other hand, humanitarian intervention occurred in BosniaRead MoreMedia Representation of the Rwandan Genocide1202 Words   |  5 Pagesexample of the Rwanda Genocide my argument is that representation is constitutive of the ways in which we understand the world and of the hierarchy that currently exists within mainstream media. As (Michael J. Shapiro, 1989) discussed ‘The reason for looking at representat ional practices in relation to texts, language and modes of interpretation is because it is through these practices that ideas about International Relations are produced’. Through the media coverage on the Rwanda Genocide I investigateRead MoreThe Genocide Of The Rwandan Genocide1421 Words   |  6 PagesThe Rwanda Genocide was an unfortunate case where thousands of deaths could have been prevented, but because of irresponsibility and selfishness of global governments’ innocent lives were lost. The Genocide began on April 6, 1994 and was, â€Å"initiated by the Hutu political elite and extremists and its military support, their prime targets were the Tutsi, as well as Hutu moderates.† (Hain 2) The Hutu made up majority of the population and government officials and enforced a government-assisted militaryRead MoreGhosts of Rwanda Essay1374 Words   |  6 PagesGhosts of Rwanda Reflection Does the Genocide in Rwanda have a singular cause? I do not believe so; the cause of genocide in Rwanda in 1994 was due to years of built up hatred between the Tutsis and the Hutus along with many other occurrences. The Rwandan Genocide is no exception with many variables contributing to the horrific events that took place. According to the documentary Ghosts of Rwanda, in 1994, Rwanda experienced a premeditated, systematic and state sponsored genocide with the aimRead MoreThe Rwandan Genocide s Impact On The Experiences Of The Children And Youths Present At The Time1622 Words   |  7 PagesThe genocide in Rwanda is representative of one of the most horrendous and unnecessary losses to life in recent world history. Rwanda’s crisis is a historical product, not a biological fatality or a ‘spontaneous’ bestial outburst. Both the Tutsi and the Hutu, were not predestined for all eternity to disembowel one another because the taller and thinner of the two came from Egypt, while the shorter stockier ones were born in the shores of Lake Kivu. This genocide has a history filled with complexRead MoreThe Rationale Behind Rwandan Foreign Policy1102 Words   |  5 Pagesgovernment policy makers through field research. Intrinsic case study research methodology was the primary instrument in the gathering and interpretation of this thesis. I wanted to study in order to learn, understand and explain the rationale behind Rwandan foreign policy. Rwanda’s horrific history with the inactions of the international community made the case study appear to be very interesting. There are only a handful of modern post-genocide states whose foreign relations is at some level dictatedRead MoreRwanda During The Colonial Era1502 Words   |  7 Pagescolonial era, Rwanda had larger population of Hutus compared to Tutsis and Twa. Rwanda as a country was divided into three ethnic groups i.e. Hutu (approximately about 85%), Tutsi (14%) and Twa (1%) (United Nati ons). Although, Tutsis were the minorities, they belonged to the higher strata compared to the other ethnic groups; Tutsis were privileged and had power and control over the Hutus and Twas. â€Å"Hutus were formerly bound to their Tutsi patrons via client ship† (Sinema, 2012). When Rwanda was colonizedRead MoreEssay on Comparing Rwanda - Holocaust756 Words   |  4 PagesGenocide is a powerful word. International law requires intervention if something is deemed genocide. There is no doubt that the Holocaust is the most famous and most studied case of genocide, although there have been numerous throughout history. One of the more recent is the Rwandan genocide, in which 800,000 people were killed (United Human Rights). The two have several similarities and differences in their origins, exterminations and aftermath. The origin of the Holocaust can be attributed toRead MoreGenocide Committed during Second World War 1181 Words   |  5 PagesThe genocide committed during Second World War is one that still scars the human psyche to this day. The horrors of the Second World War lead to Raphael Lemkin’s creation of a new word, â€Å"genocide† in 1944 (Conversi 2006: 320). The definition of genocide is still under dispute by academics (Dallaire and Coleman 2013: 778; Manaktala 2012: 179; Hinton 2012: 11). For the purposes of this essay the definition used is the one created by the United Nations following the signing of resolution 240 (StantonRead MoreRelationship Between Rwanda, Israels Perceptions Of The 1994 Rwandan Genocide1249 Words   |  5 Pagessince the 1994 Rwandan Genocide. This research has led to a greater exploration of regional dynamics between other African Great Lakes region nations. During my various periods living within Rwanda, I have had the opportunity to perform independent research and analysis on the nation’s political, military, agricultural-focused development, religious and social history and presence. This research resulted in my publication for the Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs titled, â€Å"Rwanda, Israel, and Operation

Father Quigley(TM)s sermon and the presentation of religion Free Essays

Look again at chapter 4 in: The lonely passion of Judith Hearne and concentrate on Father Quigley’s sermon and the presentation of religion. Analysing Moore’s narrative methods and themes, consider in what ways this extract reveals Moore’s negative attitude to organised religion. We will write a custom essay sample on Father Quigley(TM)s sermon and the presentation of religion or any similar topic only for you Order Now Relate your findings to the rest of the novel. Brian Moore a successful Irish novelist who was born into a privileged middle class Roman Catholic family in Belfast, on the 25th August1921. Moore is one of nine children who had a strict Roman Catholic upbringing; his two brothers are doctors and his father a successful surgeon and head of Catholic hospital. Moore remembers his father as a man who would not â€Å"tolerate failure†1. Moore went to school at Saint Malachy’s College; he once described his school as a â€Å"priest factory†2 showing his displeasure for regimented organised religion. Moore confessed to becoming within a â€Å"hairs breath of being a failure,†3 as he could not pass his maths exam to follow in his father and brothers footsteps. He was a university drop-out and realised early in life that he was an atheist4. He portrayed failure and his displeasure for religion and Belfast, through the characters and descriptive language used in The Lonely Passion of Judith Hearne, written in (1955). He depicts Belfast as drab and shows us his hatred for Belfast bigotry for example, † drab facades of the buildings proclaiming the virtues of trade, hard dealing and Presbyterian righteousness,†5 he also describes Belfast as, â€Å"the protestant dearth of gaiety, the protestant surfeit of order, the dour Ulster burghers walking proudly among monuments to their mediocrity. 6 However it is Moore’s negative evaluation of the Catholic Church, as personified by the interpretation of Father Quigley, which truly displays his repugnance for religion and the society that shapes it. In this novel set in the 1950s Belfast, Brian Moore closely relates to the recurrent theme of religion, he shows his distaste through th e despair and escalating loss of faith suffered by the lonely spinster Judith Hearne, (who secretly turns to alcohol to appease her). Judith’s cherished possessions and religious influences are the picture of her Aunt Darcy and the painting of The Sacred Heart. They are watchfully set out wherever she lives and instil authority, security and judge her life. Moore very skilfully uses omniscient narration and also invades Judith’s stream of consciousness to give us insight to her inner thoughts and to the other characters of this novel. He reveals through the dual voice of the characters his sympathies for Judith; also Father Quigley’s stern approaches and his hatred for a religious society that he left behind. However this is particularly more evident in the role that the Catholic Church played, in forming his negative attitude towards organised religion. Moore continuously reveals religion of all descriptions very negatively, for example according to Donoghue he hates Belfast â€Å"such is his bitterness that the bitterness applies to all aspects of religion; the personal and institutional†7 and also quoted by Sullivan, â€Å"my bitterness against the Catholic Church, my bitterness against the bigotry in Northern Ireland, my feelings about the narrowness of life there. â€Å"8 this reveals that Moore is not eager to live in Belfast culture again and hates everything its represents. The themes of loneliness and despair have been introduced by the beginning of chapter four, Belfast, its society and surroundings have been revealed in belittling terms. Religion is a constant theme within the novel and Moore sets the scene as Judith gets ready for Sunday Mass, the best part of the week. â€Å"She sets loneliness aside on a Sunday morning,†9 Judith approaches Sunday as a social occasion to see her friends the O’Neil’s and also a day out to meet other Catholics who conformed and attended Mass. Judith never really joined any good causes within the church she followed in her Aunt Darcy’s footsteps, â€Å"Church affairs tend to put one in contact with all sorts of people whom one would prefer not to know socially. â€Å"10 Moore reveals that religion is a comfort to Judith, a social interaction and a routine. â€Å"Gods ways were not our ways,†11 this reveals to the reader the negative attitude Moore has on the teachings of the Catholic Church. This view is further backed up with Madden and his unrighteous thoughts of lust for Mary the night before. Madden is more concerned with keeping his trousers clean from the dusty boards in church, and receiving absolution for his sins, than he is with worshipping god. Moore presents Catholicism in a very negative light; he depicts Maddens character to show us that many Roman Catholics see religion as insurance and a way to get forgiveness to enter heaven. Moore uses the regimented way in which father Quigley criticises his congregation to reveal, according to Donoghue â€Å"the whole catholic system whose failings one man is made to embody. 12 Moore describes Father Quigley as â€Å"shuffling†13 and â€Å"peering†14 as he makes a hasty entrance to the altar. The haste of his arrival is portrayed by the altar boys who â€Å"scuttled†15 to keep up with his swift entrance. He is further described as a tall and terribly stern man with accusing â€Å"long spatulate fingers. â€Å"16 Moore uses repetitiveness and the priests patronising narrative tone to demonstrate his misgivings of the Catholic Church. The sermon itself emphasised regimented routine, not the worship of god, as father Quigley rushed through and â€Å"mumbled the opening prayers,†17 showing no respect. The parishioners also had the same sense of haste and lack of respect, â€Å"latecomers jostled, whispered and shuffled†18 revealing the diverse absence of secularism amidst the â€Å"noise and confusion. â€Å"19 It would appear that Moore’s use of pathetic fallacy heightens the mood, as the weather darkens the room â€Å"the priest’s white and gold vestments shone brightly out of the murk above his congregation. â€Å"20 Moore felt this is â€Å"Like many attitudes of Irish priests, he takes the best seat in the room and considers everything to be in his due†. 21. Stood like a â€Å"watchdog†22 and â€Å"his nostrils flare like a horse. â€Å"23 To the reader this reveals he is like an owl seeking his prey, in for the kill, as he hurled abuse at his parishioners, shouting repetitively. â€Å"I mean you people up there.. , I mean coming in late.. , I mean young boys and girls dirtying up the seats.. , I mean the shocking attitude of the parishioners.. ,†24 it sounds like he is threatening the parishioners with eternal damnation â€Å"if you don’t have time for god he will have no time for you. â€Å"25Mass is supposed to be a celebration to God. Moore reveals the paradox of Father Quigley’s angry outburst as a contradiction, â€Å"if not a caricature, and a combination of all the worst defects observed imaginable in a Roman Catholic Priest. â€Å"26 Moore further subjects the reader to the belief that the Roman Catholic religion is controlling; he once again uses Father Quigley’s embittered tone, as he tells the congregation they have â€Å"plenty of money! Plenty of time! Plenty of time. â€Å"27 He roars out â€Å"drinking the pubs dry.. Football matches.. Naked.. and foreign dances.. instead of ceildhes. 28 Moore reveals the priest is more interested in telling the congregation off for doing worldly activities, instead of putting their money in the collection plate. This seems to show preaching the word of God is secondary, the relief he offers from these immoral sins are an empty church and â€Å"sodality meeting for men and Children of Mary devotions for women†29. Moore may also be trying to emphasis the social control of the church on the faithful. Father Quigley tries to threaten his parishioners with â€Å"everlasting fire that was prepared for the devil and his angels. â€Å"30 He further accuses his parishioners of leaving the â€Å"House of God empty. 31 According to Roman Catholic faith god is supposed to live in the gate behind the â€Å"tabernacle door. â€Å"32 In the final chapters of the novel we recall Judith’s crisis almost like a nervous breakdown, when she tells the reader â€Å"what good of anything unless it’s more than bread. â€Å"33 Moore presents us with Judith’s loss of faith as she attacks the tabernacle; this may indeed support his own atheist approach to â€Å"the world is indeed se cular and empty that the world can hold its void. â€Å"34 Moore uses Judith actions to reveal his lack of belief, also Father Quigley’s inability to help Judith in her time of crisis. The only thing the priest can say is â€Å"you should be on your bended knee, praying for forgiveness. A terrible terrible thing! â€Å"35 and even Father Quigley rejects her cry for help. â€Å"He heaps on penitence and guilt where forgiveness and grace are needed. â€Å"36 Moore reveals he was helpless â€Å"Shepherd, he looked at his sheep. What ails here? Priest, he could not communicate with his parishioner. No Father Quigley said, â€Å"I don’t know what you are talking about,†37 revealing that he could not grasp the situation. He can not understand her loss of faith and he can not deal with it, even as another sympathetic human being. He was more worried about the protestant taxi driver seeing Judith out of control and in a state of drunkenness. Moore’s attitude to religion throughout The Lonely Passion of Judith Hearne relentlessly reveals to the reader that he is not a religious person. He denounces all forms of Belfast bigotry its society and religion, almost like he is biased against Catholicism, to be critical of this it is only his side of the story. His bitterness and religious themes also applies to other novels he has written, such as Black Robe38 and Cold Heaven. 9 Moore reveals his negative feelings for organised religion both Roman Catholic and Protestant, suggesting 1950s religion was a frightening experience. Part of the reasons for these hatreds may have evolved from, As Patricia Craig tartly observes, â€Å"the fact that the family happened to live bang opposite the local Orange Order headquarters, topped by a statue of King Billy brandishing his sword,† ‘probably helped to keep their sectarian instincts up to the mark. † It may also have been the strict catholic upbringing in which Brian had to endure and also simply the troubles and life at that time. How to cite Father Quigley(TM)s sermon and the presentation of religion, Papers