Three Most Important Composers of the Twentieth Centruy

Music underwent a plethora of changes throughout the twentieth century, including a complete transformation from the large symphonic works of the late 1800s to the short, electronic ditties of the late 1900s. With all that change, choosing only three composers to represent the entire twentieth century would be impossible. For example, the innovation of electronic music added an entirely new genre to the world of classical music; however, the three composers discussed here did not write in that style and instead influenced other aspects of the music world. Arnold Schoenberg, Aaron Copland, and Igor Stravinsky each greatly impacted the musical world around them. Schoenberg’s journey away from tonality to serialism changed the way that composers wrote for the rest of the century, while Copland’s music emancipated American sound from the European styles. Stravinsky brought many musical styles to the height of what could be accomplished in each one, and his excellence influe nced many composers during and after his time. Schoenberg, Copland, and Stravinsky represent three of the most important composers of the twentieth century. The founder of the â€Å"second Viennese School,† Arnold Schoenberg, was known as a prominent composer and a comprehensive theorist who addressed both aesthetic and philosophical issues. Schoenberg’s early works served to sum up Romantic ideas. Written in 1903 and orchestrated in 1910, Gurrelieder was a pinnacle of the Romantic style. Schoenberg composed

What’s Cause of Poverty in Africa Free Essays

Introduction: â€Å"Poverty is a state of not having enough money to take care of basic needs such as food, clothing and shelter† (Audu). In another word, people do not have sufficient income to purchase enough food. Africa is a continent known for its deep history and rich culture but also know as a continent battling against poverty and disease (Audu). We will write a custom essay sample on What’s Cause of Poverty in Africa? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Poverty in Africa has been rising for the last quarter century while it has been falling in the rest of the developing world. Poverty doesn’t result from just one or two causes. The problem entrenched poverty is extremely difficult to solve because of different factors and all interacting with one another. Three main sections cause poverty in Africa are economic, political and external. Body: Economic: Employment is the main route out of poverty for poor people in an undeveloped country. The government does very little to create more jobs for African nations even with students that graduates from college can’t find work. With the unemployment rate increase, a lot of Africans have turned into armed robbers, blood money rituals, and secret cults organization, migrating outside Africa and turning into prostitution in order to survive. Therefore, the economic productivity is low but poverty rate is high. When leaders are not accountable to those they serve then there is a sign of corruption. Corruption both in government and business place heavy cost on society because it plays a major cause and a result of poverty. It’s because poverty can be fought in the presence of strong institution, and equitable distribution of resources (Collier). However, programs that designed to fight poverty in Africa are not fully implemented because the funds end up in the hands of corrupt individuals, who pocket the majority (Bartle). This emphasizes poor governance because those in authority have failed to apprehend the corrupt. Therefore, it requires a non-corrupt government to turn public income into human development outcomes and strengthening of business confidence, economic and social. Political: Social inequality starts from cultural ideas about the relative worth of different genders, races, ethnic groups and social classes (Bartle). According to Jeff Stats, in African history, apartheid laws defined a binary caste system that assigned different rights and social spaces to different races, using skin color to determine the opportunities available to individuals in each group. Base on this law it’s very inequality for people in Africa because people who are in low class will never able to change their level since they don’t have the opportunity and options to change it. External: With constant war and conflict in Africa makes it very difficult to farm, to work for living or earn money. It’s hard to start ordinary life because many men are forces to flee from their homes to fight for the war. This will make the continent’s productivity goes down and poverty rates go up. Another factor that cause poverty in Africa is diseases such as malaria, HIV, and TB. When a member in a household is affected by any of those diseases there is very little resources are spent on treating the sick. This lead to people who are left behind with no resources to support themselves and the situation is worsened by poor health facilities. How to cite What’s Cause of Poverty in Africa?, Papers

BHP Billiton Ltd - Inherent Risks in Auditing Free Sample

Questions: 1.Identify what you consider to be the key inherent risk factors that could have an impact on the audit of BHP Billiton Limited for the year ended 30th June 2016 and/or future audits. For each of the inherent risk factors identified, describe the risk clearly and state how and why you consider the issue may create the risk of potential material misstatement in the financial statements of BHP Billiton Limited for the year ended 30th June 2016 and beyond. You are expected to identify five (5) critical inherent risks.2.Using the audit risk model, discuss briefly how each inherent risk you identified will impact on the evidence mix for the planning of the audit of BHP Billiton Limited in the relevant segment of the audit. When referring to the balance between tests of balances, transactions and analytical procedures, indicate which main areas would be critical and comment on the nature and extent of the testing in the relevant segment. Answers: 1. Inherent risk refers to those risks that are faced due to error or else omissions in a particular financial declaration owing to different facets other than inadequacy of control (Louwers et al. 2013). This inherent risk is considered to be high in case of high degrees of judgment as well as estimation or in cases of highly intricate transactions of the business (Alles and Vasarhelyi 2015). In case of BHP Billiton Ltd, several uncertainties are associated to the process of estimation of mineral, oil as well as gas reserves (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). Different geological estimations related to the mineralization that were legitimate during the time of estimation might possibly change at the time when new information becomes available. Approximations regarding the reserves that the company pulls through or else the cost that is used to anticipate recovery of such reserves are purely founded on uncertain suppositions. Again, the unsure global financial outlook might also adversely affect the entire economic suppositions associated to reserve recovery and possibly will necessitate reserve restatements. These Reserve restatements might possibly depressingly affect the overall results along with prospects. Therefore, this business risk can be considered to inherent that might lead to potential changes to the overall portfolio of assets and material misstatements in the financial reports. In addition to this, the inherent risks associated to the functionalities of the company BHP Billiton Ltd includes the uncertainties of identification and arrangements for reserves, additions and divesting assets and managing different capital development ventures (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). Adding to this, there remain inherent limitations to the overall efficacy of any method of controlling disclosure as well as procedures, counting the chances of human error along with the circumvention otherwise the overriding of different controls as well as procedures. Consequently, effectual control procedure of disclosure and practices can provide sensible assurance of attaining the control purposes. Further, the management of the company has the need to apply judgments as well as estimations in the process of evaluation of cost benefit associations of different feasible controls while undertaking the process of design as well as evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. This judgment and estimation might also lead to human errors of assumptions and poses inherent risks to the entire business. Again, the fixed investments assets are generally mentioned at a cost after deductions for provisions for different impairments. However, the fixed investments are fundamentally evaluated to make it certain that the carrying amounts do not surpass the overall approximated recoverable amounts. The value that is used is normally determined by way of discounting future cash flows by utilizing a risk adjusted pre tax rate of discount that is appropriate for different inherent risks in the assets. However, this estimated rate of discount might pose inherent risk for the functionalities of the company and can lead to material misstatements. In addition to this, there exists many more significant variables, suppositions as well as imprecision intrinsic in process of development of the Standardized measure. This standardized measure is essentially prepared as well as presented based on certain presumptions that states that the previous years economic and functional conditions is expected to persist over the upcoming times in which year-end reserves would be generated. However, this estimation in the standardized measures exclude the consequences of future rate of inflation, upcoming alterations in rates of exchange, anticipated future transformations in technology, rate of taxes, working practices and some other regulatory changes (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). Therefore, this might affect the predetermined level of proved reserves of oil and gas of the company BHP Billiton Ltd as well as the production rate thereof. The factors also pose different types of inherent risk that might lead to material misstatements in the financial declarations of the firm BHP Billiton Ltd. The inherent risks beyond the control of the company include ascertainment of the production commencement dates, related costs or else the production output, expected life of operation as well as mines or other facilities (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). In addition to this, there also exist inherent risks in gauging the capability of the firm to profitably generate as well as transport the minerals, petroleum as well as metals extracted to different relevant market. The changes in the foreign currency exchange rate can influence the overall market prices of the minerals, petroleum, metals in addition to other products that the company produces. Therefore, the change in the market prices of the products also poses the inherent risks that might lead to the material misstatements in the financial announcements (Eilifsen et al. 2013). The activities of different government of authorities where the company carries out the operations of exploration as well as development projects can also affect the assumptions by impositions of changes in rates of taxes. This can be viewed as uncertainties that are inherent in the process of estimations of production and reserves of the mineral, oil and gas and possible will lead to material misstatements in the financial declarations of the firm BHP Billiton Ltd. A gain, the unexpected natural as well as the functional catastrophes might adversely affect the overall operations of the corporation. This can be regarded as an inherent risk to the operations of the corporation owing to the environmental damages. As mentioned in the annual report of the company BHP Billiton Ltd, the functionalities of the BHP Billiton Ltd are essentially subject to different operational accidents. The operational accidents include the port fire as explosion in addition to the open-cut pitt wall failures, total loss of power supply, diverse rail road accidents, inadequate well control, environmental pollution as well as critical technical failures. The functionalities of the firm are also prone to different unexpected natural catastrophes that include the earthquakes, hurricanes, tsunamis as well as hurricanes. As mentioned in the annual report of the firm, the iron ore, Queensland coal as well as the oil and gas functions in the Gulf of Mexico are situated in areas that are primarily subject to environmental upheaval such as the cyclones or else hurricanes. BHP Billiton Ltds Chilean copper operations are essentially situated in a very well known earthquake as well as tsunami prone zone. Therefore, all these factors might lead to the damage of the property of the company, interruptions in the business operations, risk associated to construction, marine cargo as well as primary liability risks. The business plans therefore might not provide protection for different costs that might probably stem from these kinds of uncertain events (Songini and Pistoni 2012). Thus, the damages of this kind of uncertain events might possibly lead to the misappropriations of costs and consequently the material misstatements in the financial declarations of the firm. Again, many of the non-operated assets of the corporation BHP Billiton Ltd might not possibly conform to the pertinent standards. As per the annual report of the corporation BHP Billiton, it can be hereby ascertained that there are various assets of the company that are primarily operated and at the same time managed by diverse joint venture partners or else by other corporations. As a result, the management of these non-operated assets might possibly not conform to the management as well as benchmark of operations, procedures of controls, systems of operations, counting the health, safety, environment as well as community standards. Therefore, the failure to acclimatize to equal standards, controls, procedures of these assets can lead to huge costs, at the same time reduced amount of production, and adversely influence the outcomes as well as reputation (Porter et al. 2014). The assets controlled by different third also pose the inherent risks that too can lead to the material misst atements in the financial statements of the corporation BHP Billiton Ltd. Besides this, different types of violations of the security of the information technology processes might adversely influence the business activities of the firm. As mentioned in the annual report of the corporation BHP Billiton Ltd, the information technology system of the company comprises of the infrastructure, different business applications as well as communication networks to uphold the business actions. This kind of system might be subject to different security infringements such as the cyber crimes that in turn can lead to misappropriation of funds, escalated health as well as safety risks to different members of the staff (Hayes et al. 2014). In addition to this, the breach of the IT system can also lead to disruptive operations, diverse environmental damage, poor quality of product, loss of intellectual property, inappropriate disclosure of different commercially sensitive information as well as dama ge to reputation and goodwill. The losses caused due to the identified operational risk are essentially out of the control and can pose inherent risks that lead to the financial misstatements (Skaife et al. 2013). Furthermore, health impacts for a long period might stem from different unexpected workplace revelations or else historical exposures of the workers to different perilous substances. This in turn might possibly generate future financial reimbursement requirements (Hayes et al. 2014). Again, the environmental incidents also have the capability to in turn direct towards different material adverse influences on the functionalities of the corporations. Therefore, these kind of uncontrolled factors include unrestrained tailings containment violations, subsidence from diverse mining functions, break away from of different polluting materials as well as unrestrained discharge of hydrocarbons. Alterations in different regulatory as well as community anticipations might lead to different pertinent plans that are not sufficient but the risks associated to the community might consist of different community protests as well as civil unrest and might possibly lead to stoppages to diverse proposed improvements. Therefore, the operations or else the actions also face the risk of different unintentional violations of relevant human rights, worldwide laws and conventions. However, diverse probable conformity costs, litigation expenditures, regulatory impediments, rehabilitation expenditure as well as operational costs stemming from this kind of legislation can adversely affect the financial outcomes and lead to the material misstatements (Wang et al. 2013). The inherent risks that are identified from financial declarations of the corporations declared for the year ending 30 June 2016 include improper outlook towards worldwide growth. Worldwide growth over the remaining of the period of the year 2016 is anticipated to stay more or less modest and is subject to different downside risks, counting different uncertain economic results of the Brexit. The outlook section of the financial report mentions that the global growth rate is assumed to remain between the 3% and 3.5% during the year 2017 whereas the global trade needs to accelerate at a modest rate (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). The reform programs of the government can improve the productivity and the governing authorities need to improve the overall level of efficiency of capital allocation, lessen surplus capacity in segments that includes coal as well as steel whilst boosting the function of consumer demand and preserving the support for employment (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). Therefore, it is concluded that BHP Billiton faces various inherent risks at the time of conducting the auditing of financial statements. The above report explains the identification of key inherent risk factors affecting audit of BHP Billiton for the year ending 30 June for the year 2016 for future analysis purpose. This study explains the inherent risk factors with justification in aligning issues governing risk of potential material misstatement in the financial statements. 2. Audit risk model refers to the risk that a particular auditor articulates and expresses an inappropriate viewpoint on examination of the financial declarations of the corporation. As per the audit risk model, the risk of audit may be regarded as the product of different risks that might be encountered while performance of the entire program of audit (Messier Jr 2016). Therefore, in order to keep the overall audit risk within the acceptable limit, the auditor needs to assess the particular level of the risk that can be attached to each element of the audit risk. Figure 1: Audit Risk Model (Source: Messier Jr 2016) The different types of tests that the auditors can apply include the risk assessment procedures as well as the further audit procedures. As per the audit risk model, the sufficient competent evidence is equal to addition of the test of control, substantive tests of different business transactions, analytical process as well as tests of details of balances (Songini and Pistoni 2012). The different types of evidences include the physical examination, confirmation, documentation as well as observation. The tests of controls require documentation as well as observation as evidence. Again, the substantive tests of business transactions require documentation as evidence. In addition to this, the tests of different details of balances require physical examination, confirmation as well as documentation. Apart from this, the further audit procedures such as the tests of controls also create further evidences of inquiries of the clients and reperformances. Again, the substantive tests of trans actions also correspond to the inquiries of the respective clients, reperformances as well as recalculations. Adding to this, the analytical procedures also correspond to the inquiries of the client, analytical process whereas the tests of details of balances also create the evidence such as the inquiries of the client, reperformances as well as recalculations. Therefore, the evidence mix varies with the alterations in different circumstances (Songini and Pistoni 2012). Figure 2: Variations in Evidence Mix (Source: Songini and Pistoni 2012) The management of the corporation BHP Billiton Ltd can carry out tests such as the risk assessment processes, different tests of controls, substantive tests of transactions, analytical procedures as well as tests of details of balances. Thereafter, the management can undertake the evidence decisions that include audit procedures, size of the sample, selected items and timing. This process also comprises of ascertainment of different types of evidences that includes the documentation, inquiries of client, analytical processes, observation, reperformance, recalculation, physical examination as well as confirmation. Therefore, the process includes the planning and designing the audit approach, performance of tests of control as well as different substantive tests of transactions, performance of analytical procedures as well as tests of details of balances and finally the completion of the audit and issuance of the audit report (Alles and Vasarhelyi 2015). The company encounters inherent risks arising out of the uncertain environmental condition, global financial outlook, unintentional human errors as well as omissions. In addition to this, the company also faces inherent risk due to uncertainties of identification and arrangements for reserves, method of controlling disclosure, estimation in the standardized measure, ascertainment of the production commencement dates, related costs or else the production output, expected life of operation as well as mines or other facilities (Alles and Vasarhelyi 2015). Unexpected natural as well as the functional catastrophe, operational accidents, assets controlled by different third party , violations of the security of the information technology, uncontrolled factors include unrestrained tailings containment violations, subsidence from diverse mining functions, break away from of different polluting materials as well as unrestrained discharge of hydrocarbons also hereby poses inherent risks. These risks therefore lead to the material misstatements in the financial declarations of the firm. Understanding the internal control of the firm can help in the process of evaluation of the control risks (Alles and Vasarhelyi 2015). Thereafter, the auditor can gather requisite information for assessment of the fraud risks. The auditors can utilize the level of detection risk in order to ascertain the requisite audit resources. Emphasis has been given on understanding the audit risk model for discussing on inherent risk factors as per evidence mix for planning of company named as BHP Billiton. It refers majorly to audit as referred in balance between test of balances as well as transactions and analytical procedures at the same time. The current segment describes the main areas and critical analysis regarding the nature as well as extent of testing for the company named as BHP Billiton. Audit Planning is explained in the study as it renders guidance for assisting the auditors during the process of auditing activities (Eilifsen et al. 2013). This enables audit assistance for business firm in evading with the misrepresentation identified in the financial statement of BHP Billiton. Audit Planning for BHP Billiton enables the auditor for identifying the feasible concerns as far as possible. This reveals identification of required inherent risks in aligning with audit risk models. It helps in directing as well a s administrating on appointing experiencing team members for evaluating the risk in an effective way. Reference Alles, M. and Vasarhelyi, M.A., 2015. Adopting continuous auditing.Managerial Auditing Journal,30(2), pp.176-204. Bhpbilliton.com. 2016. [online] Available at: https://www.bhpbilliton.com/~/media/bhp/documents/investors/news/2016/160816_bhpbillitonresultsyearended30june2016.pdf?la=en [Accessed 18 Oct. 2016]. Bhpbilliton.com. 2016.BHP Billiton | A leading global resources company. [online] Available at: https://www.bhpbilliton.com/ [Accessed 17 Oct. 2016]. Eilifsen, A., Messier, W.F., Glover, S.M. and Prawitt, D.F., 2013.Auditing and assurance services. McGraw-Hill. Hayes, R., Wallage, P. and Gortemaker, H., 2014.Principles of auditing: an introduction to international standards on auditing. Pearson Higher Ed. Hayes, R., Wallage, P. and Gortemaker, H., 2014.Principles of auditing: an introduction to international standards on auditing. Pearson Higher Ed. Louwers, T.J., Ramsay, R.J., Sinason, D.H., Strawser, J.R. and Thibodeau, J.C., 2013.Auditing and assurance services. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Messier Jr, W., 2016.Auditing assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Messier Jr, W., 2016.Auditing assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Porter, B., Simon, J. and Hatherly, D., 2014.Principles of external auditing. John Wiley Sons. Skaife, H.A., Veenman, D. and Wangerin, D., 2013. Internal control over financial reporting and managerial rent extraction: Evidence from the profitability of insider trading.Journal of Accounting and Economics,55(1), pp.91-110. Songini, L. and Pistoni, A., 2012. Accounting, auditing and control for sustainability.Management Accounting Research,23(3), pp.202-204. Wang, C., Chow, S.S., Wang, Q., Ren, K. and Lou, W., 2013. Privacy-preserving public auditing for secure cloud storage.IEEE Transactions on computers,62(2), pp.362-375.

The Koch Snowflake Sample Essay Example For Students

The Koch Snowflake Sample Essay The snowflake theoretical account was created in 1904 by Helen von Koch. This snowflake appeared to be one of the earliest fractal curves. The fractal is built by get downing with an equilateral trigon. One must take the interior 3rd of each side and replace it with another equilateral trigon. The procedure is repeated indefinitely. The length of each side is one which will assist you find the margin of each trigon. With holding the margin of each trigon. the tallness can be determined so the country can be defined. We will write a custom essay on The Koch Snowflake Sample specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The tallness must be determined because to utilize the expression A=12bh to happen the country of the traingle. the tallness must be known. After reiterating the procedure for the trigons. the graph below displays the figure of sides ( Nn ) for each snowflake. the length of a individual side ( In ) . the length of the margin ( Pn ) and the country ( An ) . In 0 1 2 3 1 1/3 1/9 1/27 Nn 3 12 48 192 Pn 3 4 16/3 64/9 An 3/4 3/4 ( 1+13 ) 3/4 ( 1+13+427 ) 3/4 ( 1+13+427+16243 ) The behaviour of the graph above proves that each clip a new snowflake is formed. the margin additions by 49. So. by merely multiplying 49to the country prior to. you will bring forth the country for the following sequence.

Two Weeks Notice Email Examples of How to Write the Perfect One

Two Weeks Notice Email Examples of How to Write the Perfect One So you’re moving on and have to send in your two week’s notice email.   The panic has inevitably set in. First of all, know that it’s much preferable to tell your boss in person, then provide your employer with a formal letter of resignation. If you have to quit your job in a hurry and you’re too close to two weeks to write a formal letter, you may be stuck sending a two weeks’ notice email. Giving two weeks, after all, is an important and respectful way to gracefully exit a job. It’s standard practice- the least you can do! Keep in mind that some companies may ask you to leave immediately upon receipt of your letter, but the offer of the extra time to help ease the transition is almost always the right move. If you find yourself in the scenario of having to write a resignation email, here are a few tips, as well as a resignation letter template.1. Name the date.Explicitly state the date when you will leave the company. This gives your boss a clear sense of your timeline and establishes a paper trial.2. Keep it concise.There is no need to go into detail. Convey that you are resigning and when your last day will be. Stifle urges to overshare about your reasons or your feelings and all the rest.3. Offer to help.It’s never a bad idea to offer to be extra helpful in your final two weeks- i.e. helping to train your replacement or shoring up unfinished projects.4. Ask HR questions.You should CC HR on your email. Now’s your chance to ask any questions about benefits or your final paycheck. You should include where to send your last paycheck, and perhaps a forwarding email address for future contact.5. Check it twice.There’s absolutely no shame in thoroughly proofing your email multiple times. Double check everything- spelling, dates, names, grammar. Make it unimpeachable. A classy exit.Still confused? Here is a template you can use as a guide:Subject: Two Weeks NoticeDear [Supervisor’s Name],This letter is to formally give notice that I will be resigning from my position as [Your job] at [Company], effective in two weeks. My last day of work will be [Date two weeks from when you send].I have accepted a position with another company that will further my growth and career development, but I remain grateful to everyone at [Company]. I have learned so much and gained such great experience being part of your team and I appreciate the time and attention you have given me during my time here.During the next two weeks, I am more than willing to help make the transition as smooth as possible. Please let me know how best I can help, whether that be helping to recruit my replacement, or assisting in their training.Again, it has been a pleasure working with you. I wish you, and everyone at [Company] continued success in the future.Sincerely,[Your name]Your Namename@personalemail.comCell Number

How John Albert Burr Innovated Modern Lawn Mowing

How John Albert Burr Innovated Modern Lawn Mowing If you have a manual push mower today, it likely uses design elements from 19th Century black American inventor John Albert Burrs patented rotary blade lawn mower. On May 9, 1899, John Albert Burr patented an improved rotary blade lawn mower. Burr designed a lawn mower with traction wheels and a rotary blade that was designed to not easily get plugged up from lawn clippings. John Albert Burr also improved the design of lawn mowers by making it possible to mow closer to building and wall edges. You can view U.S. patent 624,749 issued to John Albert Burr. Life of Inventor John Albert Burr John Burr was born in Maryland in 1848, at a time when he would have been a teenager during the Civil War. His parents were slaves who were later freed, and he may also have been a slave until age 17. He didnt escape from manual labor, as he worked as a field hand during his teenage years. But his talent was recognized and wealthy black activists ensured he was able to attend engineering classes at a private university. He put his mechanical skills to work making a living repairing and servicing farm equipment and other machines. He moved to Chicago and also worked as a steelworker.  When he filed his patent for the rotary mower in 1898, he was living in Agawam, Massachusetts. Inventions of John Albert Burr The object of my invention is to provide a casing which wholly  encloses  the  operating gearing  so as to prevent it from becoming choked by the grass or clogged by obstructions of any kind, reads the patent application. His rotary lawn mower design helped reduce the irritating clogs of clippings that are the bane of manual mowers. It was also more maneuverable and could be used for closer clipping around objects such as posts and buildings. Looking at his patent diagram, you will see a design that is very familiar for manual rotary mowers today. Powered mowers for home use were still decades away. As lawns become smaller in many newer neighborhoods, many people are returning to manual rotary mowers like Burrs design. Burr continued to patent improvements to his design. He also designed devices for mulching clippings, sifting, and dispersing them. Todays mulching power mowers may be part of his legacy, returning nutrients to the turf rather than bagging them for compost or disposal. In this way, his inventions helped save labor and were also good for the grass. He held over 30 U.S. patents for lawn care and agricultural inventions. John Albert Burrs Later Life Burr enjoyed the fruits of his success. Unlike many inventors who never see their designs commercialized, or soon lose any benefits, he got royalties for his creations. He enjoyed traveling and lecturing. He lived a long life and died in 1926 of influenza at age 78.   Next time you mow the lawn, acknowledge the inventor who made the task a little easier.

Economic Geography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Economic Geography - Essay Example There are various reasons that may trigger voluntary migration. These factors include a high cost of living in an individual’s motherland, harsh and unproductive climatic and environmental conditions, as well as purely for adventure and exploration. Discussion Migration patterns in Blue Earth County (Mankato) in 2010 The most interesting aspect of migration in the Blue Earth County is that; the counties that send immigrants into this county are relatively equal to those that receive the immigrants from the county (Forbes, n.p.). The uniqueness in the migration patterns in Blue Earth County is that all those counties sending more immigrants into Blue Earth County than they receive from the county, are situated within the Minnesota State (Forbes, n.p.). Additionally, all the states outside Minnesota where Blue Earth County’s population migrate are found to take more of its migrants, than they send to this county. Another observable pattern regarding the migration in Blue Earth County is that its population tends to migrate to the States that are close to Minnesota, while avoiding those far away. Therefore, it is evident that most of the population within in Blue Earth County finds it easier to seek for a better life outside Minnesota State, compared to those who move from other States to seek for a better life in the county. The inbound income per capita for this county in 2010 was relatively lower than the outbound income per capita, a clear explanation why many people are migrating to other counties, compared to those coming into the Blue Earth County (Forbes, n.p.). Another possible explanation for this migration pattern is that; the standards of living could be better, while the costs of living could be lower in other states, compared to Minnesota, prompting more people to move to other states, than people from other states comes into the county. Migration patterns in Olmstead County (Rochester) in 2010 The migration patterns in Olmstead County indicate that there is a higher percentage of the counties that receives immigrants from this county, compared to those that Olmstead County receives (Forbes, n.p.). The other notable observation regarding the migration patterns in this county is that; it has the tendencies of sending its population to the States that are further away from Minnesota State. Additionally, a unique migration patter observable in Olmstead County is that it only receives more of immigrants from the counties and states that are nearby, than it sends. The inbound income per capita for this county in 2010 was relatively lower than the outbound income per capita, which serves to explain why many people are moving out of the county to other counties, compared to the ones the county is receiving (Forbes, n.p.). All indications point to the fact that the economic situation of many counties outside Minnesota State is better compared to that of Olmstead County, thus motivating many people to migrate from this cou nty to other counties and states, further away. The most plausible explanation for the migration pattern in the Olmstead County is that; the cost of living in this county is much higher than that of other counties outside

Discussion about a theme in the book history of love Essay

Discussion about a theme in the book history of love - Essay Example ity of one’s life is defined and experienced through connection and validation and it is the need for these things that drive this novel’s characters in a story of existence. As the story of Leo Gursky begins we see a man who is ever in search of ways to validate his existence. He plays roles within society that are created to fulfill his need to be seen by others. Sometimes that role is that of a cranky old man who must insinuate his anger thus making himself unforgettable to clerks, waiters, and strangers on the street, and other times he plays the role of a fool, spilling and bumbling in order to achieve a One can define Leo by the concepts examined and created by the Austrian psychiatrist Dr. Sigmund Freud concerning the id, the ego, and the superego. Freud â€Å"portrayed humankind as only incompletely evolved, as torn by a fundamental rift between bestial motives and civilized conduct and demeanor, between an animal nature and cultural aspirations.† (Mitchell) Freud divided the self into three aspects, the id, the ego, and the superego. While the id represents the childish, willful wants of the unconscious mind, the ego is the conscious mind that keeps those desires from experiencing greater consequences than the identity would wish. The superego represents the unconscious adult mind that inhibits one from indulging fantasies, desires and impulses that can harm the needs of the ego. â€Å"The ego disguises the appearance of the id’s impulses, thereby both preventing social censure and keeping the impulses under careful regulation.† (Mitchell, p. 25) With his ac tions, however, Gursky seems to be led by the id which is described as â€Å"based on our pleasure principle. In a healthy person, according to Freud, the ego is the strongest so that it can satisfy the needs of the id, not upset the superego, and still take into consideration the reality of every situation.† (Hefner) In Gursky, the superego is diminishing as he is dealing with the

The Poetry of Elizabeth Bishop Essay Example for Free

The Poetry of Elizabeth Bishop Essay In my answer I will be talking about my ideas on the themes, styles, and images in the poetry of Elizabeth Bishop. Elizabeth Bishop was born on the 8th of February 1911 in Worcester, Massachusetts. Her father died when she was eight months old and her mother, in shock, was sent to a mental hospital for five years. They were separated in 1916 until her mother finally died in 1934. She was raised by her grandparents in Nova Scotia. There are four main themes in the poetry of Bishop. These include nature, childhood, domesticity/motherhood, and the resilience of the human spirit. The two poems I will be discussing about in my answer related to the following themes are ‘Sestina’ and ‘The Filling Station’. The two themes I will be discussing about are domesticity and childhood. The first poem I will be discussing on is ‘Sestina’. The theme in ‘Sestina’, which I will be discussing, is childhood and domesticity. In ‘Sestina’ Bishop is looking back at her childhood in a child’s perspective. The use of the third person voice in Sestina blends the poets adult perspective with the childs. A sestina is a seven stanza poem with 6 lines in every stanza except for the last one, where there are only three. If we look at the last word in every line of the first stanza we realize that house, almanac, stove, grandmother, child, and almanac are used over and over again as the last word of every line, except the last stanza where there are two words in every line. The reason why Elizabeth Bishop titled her poem after the form it was written in was because she wanted the reader to understand the way a child sees. A child rearranges things until it makes sense, the way the words are rearranged over and over again. In stanza five of the child is drawing a picture. The picture is an outlet of the child’s emotion. I think this is a great way of doing so, after all a picture tells a thousand words. The picture the child draws therefore reflects truly what the child dreams of, †Å"a rigid house† and â€Å"a man with buttons like tears†. Apparently, this is a complete contrast to the current situation. It is a happy past that she’ll never have again. It is the bitter mirror image of the present and the past of dream and reality. Although, in the last two stanzas the mood of the poem takes a turn for a brighter theme because of the child’s picture â€Å"†¦little moons fall down like trees from between the pages of the almanac into the flower bed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Personally, I take the image of flowers in the rain as a very interesting one. It resembles the silver lining in every cloud and the light at the end of the road. It’s about restoring hope in the face of affliction. This is clearly shown at the beginning of the last stanza. The verse â€Å"time to plant tears, says the almanac† marks the turning point of the poem. It is also at this moment that the child becomes happy, therefore not being completely unhappy. It’s time for the grandmother to bury her tears in the earth and grow hope. The message of the poem is then unveiled: there will be a rainbow after the rain, just as there will always be hope for tomorrow. â€Å"The grandmother sings to the marvellous stove and the child draws another inscrutable house†. The grandmother stops crying and starts to sing, the child stops dwelling on the past and starts to draw the future. The almanac in the poem represents the domestic. Its secular and full of information. We have this domestic scene with a stove a grandmother and a childbut then we have tears. The tears tip the poem towards the absurdity. The child can sense the grandmothers tears even though she is trying to hide it. The child expresses this through the picture she drew if a man with buttons like tears,, and by watching the teakettles small hard tears dance like mad. And in the last stanza where it ends with an inscrutable house, the last thing that should be inscrutable is her house. But in this case there are many symbols and the child is having a difficult time making sense out of things, so even though we have this domestic scene, it isnt really. I think that the tears are from the lack of the grandmothers children, the childs mother. Maybe thats the unspoken reason. The second poem I will be discussing is ‘The Filling Station’. In this poem I will be discussing the theme of domesticity/motherhood. I think it is the domestic details that fascinate the poet in this poem. I think so because the poet seems to write in a lot of detail about the domestic items in the â€Å"little, filling station†. Instead of saying it’s an oily filling station, she describes it further in saying it’s â€Å"oil-soaked, oil-permeated to a disturbing, over-all black translucency†. This is one example of her in-depth detail of the filling station in the poem. The two things in which she goes into extreme detail in are the â€Å"doily† and the â€Å"plant†. She becomes very interested in these two domestic objects because they greatly contrast the atmosphere which the poet saw the filling station to be, â€Å"somebody embroidered the doily. Somebody waters the plant, or oils it maybe.† This shows how interested the poet was in these two objects. I understand the â€Å"somebody† in stanza six to be a caring mother. This may be linked to Bishop’s personal life in that she lost her own mother and is longing for a caring mother figure in her life, or, at least, in her life as a child. The realisation that the mother isn’t to be seen happens gradually as we see that it’s a family filling station and that there is wicker furniture, a woman’s touch surely, but then the sudden realisation floods Bishop in the sixth stanza when she repeats the word â€Å"somebody† again and again. The repetition of â€Å"somebody† appears to be a method of ignoring who this person might be even though the association is obvious. Bishop seems to be hiding from the realisation, reinforcing the thoughts that this is about her own lack of a mother. One of the things I love the most about the poetry of Elizabeth Bishop is the imagery. Elizabeth Bishop is well-known for her ability to take the mundane or most unimportant things in life and use her imagination to change it into something completely out of the ordinary. ‘The Fish’ is a great example of this. Elizabeth Bishop is renowned to write poetry about the beauty of poetry. This poem is not an exception. Bishop merely catches a fish, yet by her imagination and creativity, which is a part of her poetry, she is able to imagine the fish beyond what it is, not only talking about its skin but also talking about its innards and portraying it as a war veteran. In fact, the ending speaks of how Bishop even begins to see the colours of the rainbow. Sad to say, the poem focuses more on poetry itself; it is unlikely the poem is speaking of morality or life and death between herself and the fish. This is what makes it such a great poem. The main thing I like about this poem is the vivid imagery Bishop gives, especially when describing the fish. In this poem, the central image is of the poet holding the fish beside her rented boat. There are three main groups of factual images. The first group contains thirteen physical images of the fish: â⠂¬Ëœtremendous fish†¦ mouth†¦ brown skin †¦ speckled with barnacles†¦ infested with tiny white sea-lice†¦ his gills were breathing in the terrible oxygen†¦ the coarse white flesh the big bones and the little bones†¦ his shiny entrails†¦ the pink swim-bladder†¦ his eyes†¦ mechanism of his jaw†¦ his lower lip’ The second group contains seven factual images of the boat: ‘ beside the boat†¦ the little rented boat†¦ the pool of bilge where oil had spread a rainbow around the rusted engine†¦ to the bailer rusted orange†¦ the sun-cracked thwarts†¦ the oarlocks on their strings†¦ the gunnels†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ The third group contains seven factual images of fishing: ‘ my hook fast in a corner of his mouth†¦ five old pieces of fish-line†¦ or four and a wire leader with the swivel still attached†¦ with all their five big hooks grown firmly in his mouth†¦ A green line, frayed at the end where he broke it†¦ two heavier lines†¦ and a fine black thread still crimped from the strain and snap †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Overall, there is a great variety in the imagery used in this poem, which is why I like the imagery in this poem. The writing style of Bishop was very different in comparison to her notable contemporaries such as Robert Lowell and John Berryman. In contrast to their confessional style involving large amounts of self-exposure, Bishops style of writing, though it sometimes involved sparse details from her personal life, was known for its highly detailed and objective, distant point of view and for its necessity on the personal subject matter that the work of her contemporaries involved. In contrast, when Bishop wrote about details and people from her own life, as she did in her story about her childhood and her weeping grandmother in Sestina, she always used discretion. Sestina, in other words, is not personal confession, as the lack of personal names indicates, but representative in the way that a tale is. Along with the persona, the point of view, and the poetic form, the language creates a complex experience for the reader. One sympathizes with the grandmother and the child, sensing sorrow, yearning, and the tensing of the childs effort to be an individual within the sheltering, suffocating domestic scene. Yet one also hears wariness in Bishops telling of their story.

Marketing :: essays research papers

TERM PAPER There are a number of aspects encompassed by the field of Marketing. Each of these aspects are key elements in the performance of Marketing a product. The concept of Marketing is made up of four "P's;" they are Product, Price, Promotions, and Placement. These elements of products and services or ideas are used to create exchanges that satisfy an individual and or organizational goal. Promotion is the main â€Å"communication to the market that informs, persuades, and reminds potential buyers of a product in order to influence an opinion or elicit a response.† Advertising is a key element to the promotion strategy. The advertising appeal is why consumer wants to buy a product or service. Developing and evaluating advertising appeals is a complex assignment. This is usually the responsibility of the creative people in the advertising agency. The most widely used appeals are Profit, Health, Love and Romance, Fear, Admiration, Convenience, Fun and Pleasure, Vanity and Egotism, and Environmental Consciousness. When looking at a product or service the consumers look at certain aspects that appeal to them which, helps aid them in their decision on that product/service. The Profit appeal â€Å"lets consumers know whether the product will save them money. Make them money, or keep them from losing money.† The Fear appeal â€Å"can center on social embarrassment, growing old, or losing one's health; because of power, requires advertising to exercise care in execution.† Another advertising appeal that is commonly looked at is Environmental Consciousness, which focuses on protecting the environment and being considerate of others in the community. When choosing the best appeal for your product/service it generally requires market research in order to place your product/service in its correct target market. "The appeal first must make a positive impression on and be desirable to the target market. It must also be exclusive or unique; consumers must be able to distinguish the advertiser’s message from the competitor’s message." When making your impression on the target market it is enormously important to make sure the appeal is believable and is not embellished. If the appeal is over thought it not only wastes promotional dollars but also creates ill will for the advertiser. The advertising appeal for the product/service must be desirable, exclusive, and believable advertising, which is also known as the Unique Selling Proposition. The Unique Selling Proposition commonly turns into the promotional slogan. As a business you want your slogan to be a household theme or symbol that everyone will recognize.

Moving and Handling Essay

Outcome 1 1)When you are required to assist people to move or help to reposition people it is important to understand the related anatomy and physiology, anatomy being the physical structure of the body and physiology the normal functions of the body. When a muscle contracts it pulls the bones at a joint in the direction that it is designed to move, when supporting moving and positioning activities it is important to think about the direction a joint moves in and how far the joint is designed to move in that direction. For example an elbow or knee joint can only extend to a certain point and trying to push these joints past that point would cause painful damage to that joint. 2)When positioning people who are unable to move themselves, it is important to remember to always check their pressure areas, especially the elbows, heels and the bony part of the back at the base of the spine called the sacrum. Poor positioning techniques can cause pressure areas to develop. Care needs to be taken when moving people with certain medical conditions, for example care must be taken when moving or positioning arthritic people in order to reduce the possibility of causing pain and discomfort. You also need to remember that arthritic joints have limited movement so you should not attempt to move these beyond their limits. When assisting people with Parkinson’s disease to find a comfortable position, be careful not to force the rigid limb further than it is able to. Also people with Parkinson’s disease have slower reaction times so it is important to give people suffering from this condition time to move and not to rush them. Always look for non-verbal signs of pain or discomfort. When moving and handling people who have suffered from a stroke, you will need to be aware of the extent of the stroke and what parts of the body have been affected. Outcome 2Â  1)Legislation is in place to protect people and reduce the risk of injury to care workers and the people they support. The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 makes it a legal requirement for employers to make sure that the health, safety and welfare of their employees is maintained and employees have a duty to take care of the health, safety and welfare of themselves and others. The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 (amended 2002) relate to moving and handling in the workplace. These Regulations were updated in 2002. The Regulations are for employers, self-employed people and employees. They state that employers must avoid all dangerous manual handling activities when it is reasonable and practical to do this. If it is not possible, the risks regarding the task must be assessed including the load, the working environment and the ability of the handler then appropriate action should be taken to reduce the risk to the lowest level. Employees must follow the appropriate procedure outlined by their employer to promote safety during moving and repositioning. If you are responsible for assisting somebody to move, it is both the responsibility of the employer and the employee to ensure your safety and that of the person being moved. 2) There are several health and safety factors that need to be considered before moving or positioning someone. Firstly you should plan the activity by asking questions like, what activity will you be assisting with? Are you helping the person to stand, roll, walk or turn? If you are assisting someone to walk, how far do you need to go? Who else could help you? How long will the activity take? Secondly consider the environment and identify any potential hazards. Are there any obstacles or obstructions, which may increase the risk of you or the person tripping over? Is the floor level, dry and free from obstacles like rugs? Is there enough space for the activity? Thirdly think about the person who is being assisted to move or who is being positioned because they will be at the centre of the activity. What can they do for themselves? How much support will they need? How can you encourage their independence during the activity? Has the person experienced the activity before? Are there any medical devices attached to the person such as catheter bags, intravenous drips or wound drains? What is the person’s weight and height? In addition you should also consider how suitable you and your colleagues are for assisting in the activity. Have you had moving and handling training? What is your state of health and well-being? Is your clothing suitable to perform moving and handling procedures? Does your footwear fit properly and is it supportive? Lastly when planning moving and handling of a person there may be a piece of equipment that is required such as a hoist, walking frame or slide sheet. Before using any equipment, you should check that it is available, clean, in good condition and in good working order. Also find out if the person being assisted has used the equiptment before and if there were any problems. You should only use equipment that you have been trained to use. Outcome 3Â  1) A) It is important before assisting somebody to move, that you access up-to-date information about their moving and handling requirements, their ability to cooperate, their health condition and their moving and handling requirements. This information should be found in the person’s support plan and their moving and handling risk assessment. Both these documents should be read at the same time as each other because the support plan will provide specific information on the individual person like what the person can do for themselves, the amount of support needed by the person from care staff, any limitations of the person e.g. medical conditions that should be taken into account, how the person moves, how often they need to be repositioned and any problems or benefits from moving and handling equipment that the person has used. B) Although there is similar information in the moving and handling risk assessment it will also contain details that focus on reducing the risk of harm to the person and the care worker from moving and handling activities. Risk assessments identify potential hazards that could cause harm and include the moving and positioning activity itself, the environment, the person, any equipment that will be used, yourself and other care workers. 2) It is important that you check the person, equipment and the environment before undertaking any moving and positioning activities You should always consider if the person is still able to cooperate with the activity, also check for catheter bags, intravenous drips or wound drains and that the equipment is clean and safe. It is also good practice to check that the person’s footwear is suitable for the activity and check the floor for any obstacles. It is very important to watch out for floors that have just been washed and wet floor signs. 2) For each identified risk you need to be clear about who might be harmed; it will help you identify the best way of managing the risk. That doesn’t mean listing everyone by name, but rather identifying groups of people, In each case, identify how they might be harmed, i.e. what type of injury or ill health might occur. you then have to decide what to do about them. The law requires you to do everything ‘reasonably practicable’ to protect people from harm. You can work this out for yourself, but the easiest way is to compare what you are doing with good practice. 3) Sometimes workplace polices and procedures in relation to moving and handling may conflict with someones wishes. [ For example, some workplaces have adopted no-lifting policies which mean that hoists are used for all people but what if a person does not want to be hoisted If dealt with incorrectly, this could leave people feeling undervalued, humiliated, distressed and degraded. You could also find yourself in trouble, because the persons basic human rights may have been violated. To prevent conflicts from developing between people and workplace policies relating to moving and positioning, it is best to involve people in their own risk assessments and mobility support plans in the first place, if appropriate. Risk assessments should focus on the needs of the person, not just the needs of the service provider. Where possible, people should be placed at the centre of the planning process and given choice over their moving and positioning requirements, as they will have the best knowledge of their own mobility. The wishes of the person need to be balanced with the need to ensure that care staffs are not put at risk through moving and positioning activities. Balancing the wishes of somebody with the rights of care workers will help promote a person’s independence, autonomy and dignity. However, sometimes, a person’s condition can change and their mobility can improve as well as deteriorate. This may lead to them changing their mind on how they wish to be moved or positioned. If their wishes conflict with their plan of support, it is important that you document this in the persons support plan and inform your manager. If the person wants to do more for themselves, you should encourage this, but be aware of their limitations are they trying to do too much too soon If the person refuses to be moved or turned, you should encourage them to move as much as possible by themselves.

How Does Your Current School Meet the Holistic Needs of a Child?

Critically evaluate how the principles and approaches of your school meet the holistic needs of every child This assignment will look to critically evaluate how a school in which I am currently on placement meets the holistic needs of the children in their care. In order to protect the schools identity they will be known as School A. I will look to evaluate how the schools ethos is put into practice in everyday teaching and learning, and how this benefits/disadvantages the pupils.Due to the limited allotted word count for this assignment I am unable to describe in depth how the school meets the holistic needs of every child in attendance, therefore I will look at one group of children in particular who will be known as Group X. I am also unable to look in depth at all of the holistic needs and instead will focus on the intellectual and social needs.I will analyse the practice of Every Child Matters (2002)-(ECM)- this government initiative for England and Wales looked to help schools to meet what the government believed to be the basic needs of every child, these being: – Be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve, make a positive contribution and achieve economic well-being. Even though ECM is not current legislation, its themes still underpin the ethos of the majority of schools in England and Wales.I shall also look at current legislation and recent reports regarding education including: The Cambridge Primary Review (2009) and The Rose Review (2009) to examine how the government look to support and develop learning. I will look to debate the ideas of three major theorists – Jean Piaget (1932), Lev Vygotsky (1978) and Abraham Maslow (1943), to describe the practice that I have observed in School A. When looking at the holistic needs of a child we are really looking at the whole child, what they need in order to develop to their full potential. Feature Article  Country School  Allen CurnowThese needs are defined as the need for physical, emotional, intellectual, social and creative fulfilment. In order to meet the physical needs of a child we must endeavour to provide them with the basic provisions of air, food, water, sleep and exercise. Emotionally children need praise, love, trust, security, and a feeling of self-fulfilment. As teachers, it was often perceived in the past by people outside of the profession that we are solely responsible for the intellectual needs of a child, these being the need for challenging thoughts, reading, learning something new, and mind stimulation.In order to develop fully children need social interaction through companionship and friendship. Creativity is the need to express ones self in an imaginative way. This can include the arts, dancing, acting, and writing. Holistic education is the idea that every child finds identity, meaning, and purpose in life through connections to the communi ty, to the natural world, and to spiritual values such as compassion and peace. This can be achieved, not through an academic â€Å"curriculum†, but through contact with the outside environment.Montessori, for example, spoke of â€Å"cosmic† education: â€Å"Help the person feel part of the wholeness of the universe, and learning will naturally be enchanted and inviting. † Montessori (1912) It can be said that there is not one effective way to accomplish this goal, as there are many ways of learning and many types of learner and the holistic educator values them all; what is appropriate for some children, in some situations, may not be best for others. School A has been judged to be outstanding in two consecutive Ofsted reports.Behaviour is exemplary and pupils feel safe, confident and capable of, as they put it, ‘reaching our potential'. Ofsted, (2004) This is an example of many praising quotes from the schools 2008 Ofsted report. From this report it can be seen that Ofsted viewed the school to be meeting the holistic needs of the children. It is without question that the school provides excellent provisions to meet the children’s physical needs. There is a breakfast club, where children can have a healthy breakfast giving them a good start to the day.Hot meals are provided at lunchtimes for those who do not wish to bring packed lunches from home, and fresh fruit is provided free of charge at both morning and afternoon playtimes. The school are clearly still working under the guise of ECM- Be Healthy, hence why these provisions are in place. Socially, children are encouraged to form strong friendships and there is certainly a â€Å"family† spirit around the school. Parents are encouraged to take part in and support their child’s learning experience both in and out of school.Rewards assemblies are held every Friday morning, in which children from each class are reward for both their academic (writer & mathematici an of the week) and their social achievements (helpful & well mannered and effort stars of the week). Parents are invited to attend these assemblies to share in the celebration of their child’s achievement. There are an abundance of opportunities for the children to engage in creative activities, there are extra curricular clubs run almost every day after school including Yoga, Dance, Zumba and Art clubs.Creativity is also included within the classroom, most activities are concluded with an element of art or design to make the children’s work appear more attractive, which seems to help certain children (especially those who are visual learners) to embed their learning. Group X is small group of six children with some behavioural issues and some delayed intellectual development, they try hard but often become frustrated that they are unable to accomplish certain tasks, which then causes them to misbehave.These children are often sent to work with a Higher Level Teaching Assistant- (HLTA) who helps them to work at a slower pace in order for them to not feel inadequate in a whole class setting. In mathematics, for example, the HLTA will work with the children using a variety of apparatus such as cubes, coins and counters, to help them to use a tangible object in order to provide them with a context for their learning. She poses open ended questions in order for the children to show their method and understanding of the information.This is a clear example of Piaget’s theory being put into practice. The teaching is being matched to the needs of the individual and this kind of teaching is helping to trigger assimilation and accommodation for the child (Pound 2005, pg. 38). This theory is supported by a number of theorists, in particular Margaret Donaldson who believes that children’s errors or misunderstanding occurred as they are not responding to what was asked of them but were also seeking to understand the meaning of the task or reque st (Pound, 2005 pg. 0), hence by the HLTA using money to aid with the learning of mathematics she was demonstrating to the children why they needed to know this information. Theorist and writers, who believe in inclusion, would however argue that by separating these children from their peer group the school are not demonstrating inclusive practice. Len Barton for example argued that: Inclusive education is about the participation of all children and young people and the removal of all forms of exclusionary practice Barton (1998 cited in Clough and Corbett, 2000,pg. 85).By accepting both arguments benefits and disadvantages of this type of practice can easily be seen. The children are obtaining the knowledge and understanding they require at their own level and speed, however they are being removed from their peer group which may cause discomfort and embarrassment as it could be viewed that they are being highlighted as the individuals with special needs. It can also be argued that t hey are not being given the same opportunities as other children within the class as although the work has been planned by the class teacher the majority of their teaching is being conducted by a HLTA not a qualified teacher.However, by working in a small group and not being completely isolated or immersed in a whole class setting, the children have more opportunity to speak, listen and question what they are being taught. Vygotsky’s theory would be in support of this as he believed that language played a significant role in abstract thought and helped a child develop awareness for a particular way of thinking and interpreting their own ideas. This is in contrast to Piaget’s view, who believed that the use of relevant language follows the development of a concept. Bee and Boyd, 2007) Sir Jim Rose is in agreement with Vygotsky and outlined his findings in his final report. Good primary teaching involves far more than waiting for children to develop by following their ev ery whim. It deliberately deepens and widens children’s understanding by firing their imagination and interest and paving the way to higher achievement through ‘scaffolding’ learning in a community of learners. (Rose Review, 2009 pg. 56) School A are clearly meeting the expectations of the current government by helping children of all abilities to develop their language skills in a variety of ways in order to progress their learning.The children in Group X seem to be very sociable. Having observed them in the playground I have found that they interact well with each other; however tend to distance themselves from other children in their peer group. This could be due to the limited amount of time they spend in the classroom and therefore the stronger bonds they have forged with each other. Due to some of the behavioural problems these children possess, conflict with other children can sometimes lead to violence. The school manage these problems well and ensure tha t parents and the schools behaviour support worker are involved in resolving these issues.School A are clearly trying to help their pupils to â€Å"Make a Positive Contribution† (ECM, 2002) by encouraging them to develop positive relationships and not discriminate or bully. Many Children in attendance at School A are from impoverished backgrounds, the number of children eligible for free school meals are above the national average. It is clear that the school are striving to make this a non-issue in terms of the children’s attainment; however it is widely acknowledged that children from poor backgrounds can be disadvantaged due to a lack of resources, space, overcrowding and poor diet (Curtis and O’Hagan 2003 pg. 7) Abraham Maslow spoke of deficiency needs, these being the need for esteem, friendship and love, security, and physical needs (Maslow, 1954). I have observed during my time spent in the school that it is clear that the children feel a sense of belongi ng and safety, have forged solid friendships and are physically well and able to learn, in short the school are meeting the core needs of its pupils, as outlined by Maslow. The Cambridge Review found that there is a â€Å"pervasive anxiety† about the pressure on pupils at school, and this concern often overshadow and conceal the fact that poverty is the single biggest threat to children's lives.In this same report it is discussed that children like those at School A lack the massively compensating advantages of financial wealth, emotional harmony and a home life which is linguistically, intellectually, culturally and spiritually rich (Curtis, 2009, p. 6) The school is located in an impoverished area and the school are doing all they can in order to provide their children with a stable environment, which they may not experience at home. School A’s philosophy on achievement, attainment and children’s well-being is outlined in its prospectus (See Appendix A) and is clearly implemented in the teaching and learning.They have a child centred curriculum, which is broad balanced and differentiated to meet the needs of all children including those with special educational needs. The children clearly progress throughout their time at School A with attainment targets regularly being met and exceeded. In short the school meet all of their own targets, whilst encompassing the key themes of ECM. I believe that the short time I have spent in School A, has already helped me to begin to forge my own teaching philosophy. The school has the best interest of all children at its core.Even though ECM is no longer current legislation its themes are still at the heart of what makes a good teacher and a good school and School A encompasses these whole heartedly. For my future professional development, I believe that I will endeavour to encompass all of the points raised by ECM as I believe these things are the key to becoming not just an adequate but an outstandin g teacher. Vygotsky and Piaget both present theories which are not just useful but essential for the modern education professional to be everything they need to be. In conclusion, School A is an outstanding school.They are practicing the key points raised in recent legislation and reports and are demonstrating the theories of Vygotsky, Piaget and a variety of other theorists. The children’s intellectual and emotional well being is at the heart of its ethos and this is reflected in the everyday teaching at the school. References Curtis, P. (2009) ‘The Cambridge primary review's key findings’, TheGuardian, 16 October, p. 6 Department for Education and Skills (2002) Every Child Matters: Presented to Parliament by the Chief Secretary to the Treasury byCommand of Her Majesty, September 2003, Cm 5860, London: Stationery Office. Alexander, R. (ed) (2010) Children, Their World, Their Education: Final Reportand Recommendations of the Cambridge Primary Review. London:Routl edge Rose, Sir J. (2006) Independent Review of the Teaching of Early Reading:final report. [Online] Nottingham, DfES Publications. Available from:http://www. education. gov. uk/publications/standard/publicationdetail/page1/DFES-0201-2006 [Accessed 7th October 2012]. Montessori, M. (1948) The Absorbant Mind. In: Chattin-McNichols, J. (ed. The Absorbant Mind. New York: Henry Holt and Company Pound, L. (2005) How Children Learn. London: Step Forward PublishingLimited Clough,P. and Corbett, J. (2000) Theories of Inclusive education: a Student Guide. London: Paul Chapman Publishing Boyd, D. and Bee, H. (2007) The Developing Child. 11th edition. Boston:Pearson Education, Inc Curtis, A. and O’Hagan, M. (2003) Care and Education in Early Childhood. London: RoutledgeFalmer Maslow, A. (1970) Motivation and Personality. 3rd edition. New York: Harper &Row Ofsted (2008) School A Appendix 1

WW II and Hitlers army

WW II and Hitlers army The book by Omer Bartov gives a detailed encounter of an army in Germany called Wehrmacht during the reign of Hitler. It depicts aspects some of the reasons why the army engaged in the war between Germany and Russia. The prevailing politics may have motivated the army. It is also believed that professional skills and competences that guided their operations was a major source of motivation.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on WW II and Hitler’s army specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Besides, the following review explores whether the army was a threat to Hitlers regime or not. It may also be possible that the top officials were merely executing the national socialist ideologies in order to enhance the unity and structure of the army. Some of the aspects of a countrys strategic culture that can be highlighted from this book have been discussed below. War experience During the Second World War, the Wehrmachtâ₠¬â„¢s success was largely based on the ideologies dictated by the Nazi regime despite of advanced technology that was used to fight the experienced Russian army. The German army was extremely inferior in terms of experience and use of technology compared to its opponents. However, through their organization, they were able to counter the attacks made by their mighty opponents. Lack of technologically advanced war mechanisms on the side of German troops led to the acceptance of Hitlers views. According to Hitler’s views, the battle was a struggle for survival. This ideology demanded total spiritual commitment which was largely a pseudo- religious and mythical ideology that greatly influenced the army against the military, political and traditional values. Bertov (1999) indicates that the commitment by the Wehrmacht army was largely dependent on ideologies, mythology and fanaticism. Social organization After the massive defeat and deaths of the German army in the war that took place in the eastern side, it was evident that the traditional groups (primary groups) of the army were no longer working as a unit to in the army. Therefore, it was necessary to reorganize the social groupings in the army. The Nazi regime had to integrate a new perspective of imaginary groupings so that the troops could look at the war as their duty. Therefore, they could do anything to destroy any real or imaginary enemies (Bartov, 1999).Advertising Looking for book review on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Perversion of discipline Bartov (1999) believed that one of the motivations that made the groups stick together was the harsh discipline which the troops exercised. Unity of the groups depended on the military rule and largely relied on how the army perceived its moral and legal basis. Even when the enemies seemed to be more superior than the German army, the groups never disintegrated completely. This aspect seemed to have been contributed by discipline and the common view which soldiers had about the war. Other than the required discipline as outlined in the martial law, Bartov indicates that much of the discipline and obedience in the army command was not merely due to an ideologically motivated unity. It was also due to fear of brutal punishment. Any force of opposition from the opponents army and civilians was met with maximum brutality. Discipline was in line with changes in the martial law. This was considered as the extension of the ideologies of the Nazi regime. Distortion of reality The aspect of distortion of the reality resulted from the ideological perceptions of the regime that were instilled in the minds of the soldiers during both training and at while at war. One of the Nazi ideologies was the use of propaganda in order to make the soldiers believe that the war was meant to protect humanity from demonic attacks. Finally, the Nazi regime and its ideologies changed how the German army operated especially during World War II. These ideologies were instrumental in maintaining the military forces together that were needed to fight their enemies despite immense challenges (Bartov, 1999) Reference Bartov, O. (1999). Hitler’s Army: Soldiers, Nazi and War in the Third Reich. New York: Oxford University Press.

Word Choice Explicit vs. Implicit - Proofeds Writing Tips

Word Choice Explicit vs. Implicit - Proofeds Writing Tips Word Choice: Explicit vs. Implicit Its always vital to make the correct word choice in an academic paper. In todays blog post, then, were going to explain the difference  between two regularly-confused words: explicit and implicit. Both of these terms describe the way in an idea is expressed, yet they are also opposites of one another. As such, it is very important to use them correctly! Read on below to find out how to avoid errors with these terms. Explicit (Fully and Clearly Expressed) Explicit means clear and unambiguous. For example, if someone has clearly and fully explained their position, you could say that: Jones views in this paper are explicit. This means that Jones views are clearly stated. Dont get confused with the other use of explicit, which indicates material of an adult nature! Implicit (Implied or Expressed Indirectly) Implicit means indirectly expressed. For example, if you read another paper by Jones and decided that some of her views were only implied rather than clearly stated, you could say: Jones current ideas were implicit in her earlier work, but not yet fully developed. Sometimes, implicit can also mean unquestioned or unreserved: My implicit trust in the news media means I am often misled by Rupert Murdoch. In both of these cases, the idea is that something remains unstated. Implicit or Explicit? The correct term to use in any given situation will depend on the context. If you are describing something that is clear and unambiguous, the word to use will be explicit. On the other hand, if youre describing something that is merely implied, rather than clearly and fully expressed, the correct term will be implicit. Remember: Get Your Paper Professionally Proofread If you are interested in having your paper proofread professionally, why not submit a 500-word sample to be proofread for free today?

Organization Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Organization Management - Essay Example While he stayed on the job and still grateful to have a job that others wanted, it is still not for everybody as we can see on the rate of turnovers with these kind of jobs. Other’s would prefer a less satisfying professional job for as long as they can fulfill their need for love and belongingness which their family provides. 2) The nature of the job which provides a professional satisfaction to the individual increases the level of job satisfaction. More especially if the work pays well and able to meet the individuals’ other needs such as the need for self-esteem provided by a job, belongingness that is provided by the organization and the self-actualization of work. Every company strives for their employees to be satisfied with their job to avoid turnovers that could be costly for the company. 3) When employees are satisfied with their jobs, they will naturally tend to do a good job which will translate to a positive job performance. They will also identify with the organization which could affect the behavior of their corporate citizenship. As such, they will put on long hours of work with their own initiative knowing that it is required of the job. Employees also who identifies with their organization will tend to do other functions that is beyond their job description for as long as it is good for the over all well-being of the company. In short, they will do the extra mile with the company when they feel belonginess with the organization. Above all, a happy and satisfied customer will stick with the company thus avoiding turnovers. 4) People are motivated differently when they do a particular job. While others are motivated with positive reinforcements as a motivation, there are other employees whose best instinct comes out when they know things are going bad. This is the case of David Clark, the Vice

Procurement management process Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Procurement management process - Assignment Example The paper gives emphasis on the procurement management process and has described the same with regard to REI. The procurement management process is defined as steps, which are required for purchasing or acquiring services or products from any source that is outside the limits of a firm or organization. The sources are external suppliers of the products. The procurement management includes maintaining good relationship with suppliers for ensuring that the organization is receiving high level of services. It assures that purchasers receive those goods, which they have paid for. The success of an organization depends on effectiveness of the procurement process and therefore, managers need to create plans for procuring goods and services, facilitating the reduction of cost and time of delivery. There are many fundamental steps in the process. At the initial stage, the procurement process depends on changes in technology, attitude and personnel. A positive method is needed to be adopted, which stresses on a satisfying relationship with the suppliers. Suppliers are regarded as the most critical component in the procurement process of any company. In case of any dispute with these suppliers, the organization is bound to suffer from unavailability of the required resources, which in turn heavily affects the entire production process. The company has donated millions of dollars for supporting the conservation efforts that they have undertaken worldwide. It sends dedicated teams for volunteering in activities across several places nationwide. The activities include restoring local habitats, cleaning up the beaches as well as building of trials. Therefore, through many business practices, the company has tried to reduce environmental damages that have been created by their actions (Recreational Equipment, Inc, 2014). The company, through its successful operation, has expanded their business

International Business Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

International Business Finance - Essay Example Through competitor analysis, the company can differentiate the products supplied to these new regions, and effectively overcome the impeding competition from existing suppliers (Johnson 2012). Overcoming competition remains fundamental towards ensuring successful entry into international markets. Competitor analysis could assist the company in reaching competitive edge within the international business ventures. The production methods utilised by competitors can provide the company with possible production methods to use within these regions. This will also enable the company to analyse possible production technological advancements that could be introduced, and improve the production. Introduction of new production technology could enhance production and reduce production costs. Economic status The economic status shall include the analysis of the economic systems, within these regions, and institutions. This would provide the company with information regarding the availability of e ssential natural and human resources within the target regions. The available human resources could enable the company establish the best production methods, sustainable within these regions. The economic status shall enable the company to decide on strategic approaches to take when making market entries into these regions. In a libertarian economy, for example, market entry would be easier because of limited interference from governments (Glaeser, 2010). Most economies of Eastern Europe, Africa and Asia remain relatively static with considerable government regulation. Understanding of these factors would enable the company to strategise on effective methods of coping with the government influence (Jethani 2011). Government influence in these economies limits the freedom of conducting business and could frustrate investors when assumed. Political system The company should consider the political systems in existence within the target markets. The political system immensely affects th e policy formulation and economic stability of any country. The political systems within different countries determine the influences of government owned enterprises on private businesses. While the operation of government owned enterprises depends on political systems, their influence on private businesses could affect the operations of private enterprises (Hatch, et al. 2011). Political systems could therefore, affect private businesses through offering government enterprises better operating environments, hence instigating unfair competition. Bureaucratic political systems implement controls on private enterprises while letting government owned businesses to operate freely, giving government enterprises a competitive edge. International conflicts, influenced by political systems, could also have adverse effects on international businesses. Countries experiencing international conflict could have sanctions imposed on them, and participation in international activities, including b usiness, significantly affected. Legal factors The legal system within any country affects the capacity to effectively conduct business. An analysis of the legal systems remains essential in enabling the company to determine best operating methods, applicable within the legal systems. Existence of corruption within numerous African countries could become a hindrance towards stability of operations. Corruption could become deeply rooted vice in a country’s culture that it becomes inculcated into national values

Transaction Processing System And Management Information Systems Information Technology Essay

Transaction Processing System And Management Information Systems Information Technology Essay Information System has different types as mentioned above. They are Transaction processing system, Management Information Systems(MIS), Office Automation Systems (OAS), Document Management System (DMS), Decision Support System(DSS), Executive Support System(ESS), Expert System(ES), Knowledge Work System(KWS), Acquiring Information System, Information System Security and Control, Impacts of Information System etc., These types is related to different departments in an organisation such as Operational Manager, Data worker, Middle Manager, Senior Manager etc,. The below diagram shows how the types supports different departments in an organisation. The manager, who maintains, controls and improves the activities in an organisation for better services and goods to customers. The manager checks day to day operations and with the results they will take certain activities. One of the major day to day activities is Transaction processing system. This Transaction Processing is a type in information system. The transaction process is a set of information that may be order, payment, scanned information etc., through computer and need to be updated in a database and database must sent conformation at same time for the request. Transaction process contains two types of processes they are Batch Transaction Process and Real Time Transaction Process. The batch transaction means it collects the data and stored in Database and doesnt respond immediately during process. The best example of BTP is mobile invoices, Bank statements, checks etc. The Real Time Transaction Process means it collects the data and responds immediately for the process a nd saves the records in database. The best example of RTP is Withdrawal money, Deposit money, and Scanned payment results in retail stores. Any business that may be online or offline runs under these two processes works. The below diagram show the basic transaction process which involves user, purpose and the type of process   Ã‚  Ref:  Board of studies NSW, Stage 6 Information Processes and Technology, Preliminary and HSC Courses (2007, page 14) Data Workers: The persons who work for the company are known as data workers. The best example for data workers are employees. The information system types comes under this department are Knowledge management system (KMS) and Office automation system (OAS). In any organisation KMS is used to capture, organise and create business processes in efficient and innovative way. To get the right information we collect data and apply knowledge. The organisation success depends upon the knowledge. All the employees in an organisation must share their thoughts for the organisation goal. The professional people who works for the KMS acts as advisors and give assistance for both Top level and Middle level management. These People develop new knowledge for the organisation and integrated it with existing knowledge which is nothing but updating the system. Example for KMS is the banks say that deposit money in banks for protection. In addition to that the knowledge they use to increase the customers is if you de posit the money for more than a year we will give an additional 5% for the money which means if you deposit $100 then at the end of the year you own $105. OAS is an additional tool to make the process easy in the organisation. A computer system which allows variety of application such as Microsoft word, Emails, Calender and even sharing resources each other through a connected network. This is used mainly by office workers who supports managers at all levels. The best example for OAS is Microsoft word. This application is of user interface which helps to make the documents more easy and has additional facilities like spell correction, word count etc. Middle Manager: This is one of the department/layer in an organisation. The major role is to monitor subordinates like data workers, operational manager before reporting to upper manager. The Information system types that involve in this department are Management Information System (MIS), Decision Support System (DSS), and Intelligent Support System (ISS). Manage information tells manager how to manage information for a particular situation. This information is managed in accurate, timely and relevant for situations. System is a combination of different levels in an organisation. MIS is defined as combination of different layers in organisation, people and documents to know the organisation problems and provide appropriate information for the problem. Accessing, Organising, Summarizing and displayed information for supporting routine decision making in the functional areas. The four types of MIS are TPS, OIS, DCS and Expert Systems. The example for MIS is for an online bank bill payment, the account holder has an option to transfer the amount for a particular date in each month. The bank transfers money each month on that date and send a email with information about how much money is detected, time of transfer and date of transfer. DSS is a system used to make decision with the help of wide range of resources. This system interacts with the people by using range of resources to make decisions which we see in organisation. For example, company wants to sell books internationally through online. To do this the company need to think wether the decision made is wise for business. Company can use DSS for making decisions with the help of company information and also by other resources. This result gives an idea for the company to expand the business internationally or not. http://www.answers.com/topic/information-systems http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/287895/information-system http://dictionary.bnet.com/definition/operations+management.html http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/0,2542,t=transaction+processingi=53077,00.asp http://www.hsc.csu.edu.au/ipt/trans_systems/4-1/tps.htm http://www.ehow.com/how_5624741_start-knowledge-management-system.html http://www.systems-thinking.org/kmgmt/kmgmt.htm http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/office_automation.html http://www.gregvogl.net/courses/mis1/glossary.htm http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-management-information-systems.htm

Genetic Engineering and Cloning :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Genetic Engineering and Cloning What are the principle, ethical issues and experimental procedures used in genetic engineering and cloning? Should Cloning be allowed to continue? In the 1970's, scientists discovered that strands of DNA could be cut using special enzymes, which could cut out genetic combinations. DNA contains information about genes particular organisms hold. Duplicates of genes are also possible through genetic engineering and are very useful for medical purposes. Advances in technology have raised issues such as animal and human cloning. These issues have caused many different sided arguments. Some people feel that cloning should be banned, however never seen to see its medical value. There are already drug and medicine manufactures all over the world that are working on products that can be produced in cows' milk or even sheep or goats milk when the trait is cloned. Right now they are trying to produce vaccines against Malaria, antibodies against HIV, as well as proteins to treat haemophilia, muscle disease, internal intestinal infections, rheumatoid arthritis, cystic fibrosis and emphysema. These same companies are also working on proteins to help digest fat and proteins to serve as nutritional supplements for infants, as well as different proteins, which are found in human blood, in cow's milk. None of these treatments would be possible in the future if cloning were banned. The Safety of genetic engineering is something that presents much concern. Looking at the current precautions and previous precautions of the biotechnological industry can clear up the safety issue. The FDA and State Governments impose limits such as the illegalization of human cloning and limits on other genetic engineering processes. The only legal forms of genetic engineering that are used today are in vitro fertilization, artificial insemination, and sperm banks. The moral question of genetic engineering is answered by looking at the advances in medicine. Today the advancements in medicine are evolving at an extremely high rate. If the science of genetic engineering is wrong, then so are the rest of the advances in medicine. The reason is because genetic engineering is just another form of medical advancement. Gene manipulation is not going to be used for any other purpose except for the treatment and elimination of disease. The one thing that people need to realize is the potential of genetic engineering. Try to visualize what parents of a child is dying from a disease like multiple sclerosis think about the benefits of genetic engineering.

Principles of Supply Chain Management Essay

Case 3) Don’t shoot the messenger 1. If you were in Jeff’s position, what would you have done to preserve relationships? If I were in Jeff’s position, I would first have thanked my suppliers and expressed gratitude to them for being willing to work closely with the company in not only designing the new product line, but in then reducing supply prices by the asked for 10 percent. I then would have tried to explain the position of the company and how the price decreases were essential to ensuring a successful product launch. Explaining why the additional cost reduction was requested may not make the actual price cuts easier to make, but it should help somewhat when it comes to maintaining the relationships with the suppliers. Hopefully Jeff has treated them honestly up until now and has a level of trust built up with them. 2. Describe the ethical issues involved. It seems to me that the main ethical issue is in the letter that was sent to suppliers on July 5th. The implicit threat that business with suppliers would be cancelled if the cost demands were not met is not consistent with the type of relationship that Jeff had built with his suppliers, based on honestly, integrity, and hard work. In addition, Billing Equipment was asking for previously agreed upon contracts to be re-opened and re-negotiated in order to make the price cuts, essentially going back on their own word. 3. What is your assessment of the general manager’s approach to meeting target cost objectives? My assessment of the general manager’s approach to meeting target cost objectives is that it is not the right way to approach the issue. I don’t like the strong-arm tactics, with the thinly-veiled threat of cancellation if they don’t comply. The General Manager should have involved the suppliers and been more open with them on the need to reduce overall costs for the product line. He could have explained the long-term benefit of partnering with Billings Equipment, even  if there were a financial sacrifice in the short term. As the case pointed out, in essence, the suppliers that complied and tried to work with the company were punished by being asked to cut prices even more. Case 5) John Deere and Complex Parts, Inc. 1. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of John Deere’s Achieving Excellence Program. Consider and discuss other criteria to include in the analysis. John Deere’s Achieving Excellence Program is designed to develop long-lasting supplier relationships through an evaluation process that promotes communication, trust, cooperation, and innovation. I think that overall this is a very good program. It encourages suppliers to work with John Deere and collaborate to improve cost, quality, and timeliness of delivery. It includes some objective ratings that can directly measure supplier performance, and could be used to help identify areas of improvement. It helps to form long-lasting relationships with suppliers, which is in John Deere’s best interests. Some of its weakness are subjectivity, that it has no concern for what is good for supplier, and may have a difficult entry level since you only receive training if you rate highly in the system. Subjective metrics like the Wavelength and Technical criteria are more difficult to measure accurately. Subjective measures leave things open to interpretation. Personal bias or even misunderstanding can result in an artificially low or high rating in a subjective measurement. The criteria would need to be very clearly defined. The AEP program is also benefits John Deere primarily, rather than the suppliers. Suppliers that rate highly do get additional John Deere training, but even that is in the best interests of the John Deere Company. While John Deere is a reputable company, and desirable to do business with, the main reward for performance excellence in the AEP program is a plaque, maybe a banquet, and more John Deere training. The program almost has a negative incentive for new suppliers. John Deere should have some kind of outreach training for new suppliers that wish to be partners, rather than just supplying additional training for expert suppliers. It could be seen as a program that keeps the elite at elite levels, but does not offer assistance to those newcomers that may need the assistance and expertise of John Deere to improve. While responsiveness is encompassed in the wavelength measurement, I think that it  is important enough to have its own evaluation criteria (Winsor, Tan, Leong p. 124). The case mentions some of the frustrations that John Deere experienced waiting for the return of quotes from Complex Parts. An unresponsive supplier can cause supply chain issues very quickly. 2. Do you think Complex Parts has performed adequately over the past year? Why or why not? Which of the Deere supplier assessment classifications should be assigned to Complex Parts? I think that Complex Parts has adequate performance over the past year as a whole, however some areas of concern have arisen, specifically concerning delivery and communication. Their quality rating is very good, and until recently, their delivery rating was very good as well. Lately, an increasing number of deliveries had to be expedited, which costs John Deere money. The case stated that it seems as though expediting delivery has become a weekly requirement. Delivery ratings fell from 8,650 to 155,000 over the last quarter. That metric alone is enough to put the supplier in to Conditional status. Overall, I would assign a rating of Approved to Complex Parts. Their past performance is worth noting, but recent developments are of great concern. Reducing their supplier rating should send them a message that performance, specifically deliveries and responsiveness, must improve in order to continue doing business with John Deere. 3. If you were a member of the supplier evaluation team, what alternative course of action would you consider for Complex Parts? What recommendations should the team make to the project manager? As a member of the evaluation team, I would recommend that a very close eye be kept on the Delivery metric, as that is where the supplier seems to be slipping the most, and would communicate that intention to Complex Parts. They need to understand that while they have been a good supplier in the past, current performance issues cannot be ignored. Delivery times and response times to quotes and other communications must be improved. I would suggest a meeting between the project manager and key team members at Complex Parts to discuss expectations and possible consequences of  non-compliance with John Deere policies. The team should recommend a rating of Approved to the project manager, with specific follow-up items detailed surrounding delivery and responsiveness. 4. What are the short-term and long-term implications of your recommendation? Short term, I would expect immediate improvements in the delivery rating of Complex parts. The reduction in rating is very much a disciplinary action, and intended to be an eye-opener to the supplier. It sends a message that while they are still valued as a supplier, certain aspects of their performance have slipped in to the unacceptable range. Long term, I believe that an action such as this should help strengthen the relationship. Disciplinary action usually comes off negatively, but if the right meetings and discussions take place and concerns are addressed openly and honestly, Complex Parts should be able to see that John Deere does have a vested interest in helping them improve and re-attain a raking of Partner. The fact that as a member of the evaluation team I am not just recommending dropping them or recommending a raking of Conditional shows that there is still hope in rebuilding the business relationship to a healthy, productive level. Case 7) Supplier Development at Deere, & Company 1. Is Deere’s tactic an appropriate one? I do not think Deere’s tactic is the appropriate way to approach the situation. I agree from the details of the case that some improvements need to be made the help reduce they cycle time at Excelsior, but I don’t think a mandatory cost reduction is going to get the job done. I think it will create bad blood and irreparably damage the supplier relationship. 2. What are the implications of the tactic and the possible consequences, positive or negative? The implications of the tactic are that Excelsior needs to fall in line with Deere’s demands or lose their business. The added implication is that Excelsior will essentially be out of business if this happens because 95% of their income is from Deere’s orders. Both of these outcomes are negative,  and I am having difficulty seeing a positive consequence come out of this situation. I think that Excelsior is justified in their concerns, and while they may be dragging their feet, I feel like it is an appropriate reaction to the concept of restructuring their entire process. 3. If it is not an appropriate tactic, what are some alternatives? I think that a valid alternative would be to emphasize the value that Excelsior has to Deere as a primary supplier of the connector that they manufacture for Deere, and to reinforce the desire to maintain a long-term, profitable relationship with them. Additionally, Deere may have been able to supply examples of other suppliers that they have worked with to improve their efficiency. Rather than case studies and meetings, real world examples of success could be used to help persuade Excelsior’s top decision makers that this was the correct course of action. 4. Is this an ethical approach? I do not think that this is an ethical approach. Deere is effectively using their position of power in the relationship to force Excelsior to take action that they are not convinced is the correct course of action. I think that they should act in an advisory role, not force them in to action. Ultimately, the decision is Excelsior’s as to whether to re-tool and comply with Deere’s wishes, and while there are big consequences to that decision, it should not be forced upon them. 5. What are some of the implications as far as human resource management is concerned? How can the group members better manage the consensus building to present an undivided front to Excelsior? If Deere’s plan does not succeed, there is a large risk that they will have to put forth a massive human resource effort to replace Excelsior as a supplier. Deere would have to expend large amounts of time and resources to identify, secure, and develop a new supplier. The group members could better manage consensus building by involving more people from Excelsior’s production teams. Deere should work towards a  win-win scenario with Excelsior (p. 119). Perhaps they would be able to show the benefits of the proposed system to those that are closer to the actual work. Those individuals could then weigh in and lend support to the plan, possibly overcoming the resistance that Excelsior’s Frank and Sanderson felt. Deere’s associates could re-commit to Excelsior that they are a valued long-term supplier, but that these changes needed to be enacted to ensure long-term viability. Deere could explain that there are customers further down the supply chain requesting faster turnaround, and that these requests are not solely coming from Deere. References Joel D. Wisner, K.-C. T. (2012). Principles of Supply Chain Management. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.